How the Great Recession and Technology Change Two Unique Departments
As an engineering student in the 1970's, I followed the radical changes in fire suppression practices in Syracuse and Saint Louis. Along with the RAND operations research in New York City, we were just a few years away from flying cars.
Cutting age innovations
In reading Signal 99, it appears Syracuse has been hard-wired for innovation.
In a 1913 presentation by FDNY Chief Croker in Syracuse, he stated "Small communities like Syracuse do not need automotive fire apparatus."
Syracuse Chief Thomas Ryan added motorized tractors to Engine 1 and Truck 1 within a year.
Shrinking Syracuse in 1970s
Syracuse was facing a four-sided problem:
- Ancient fire stations
- Aging fire apparatus fleet
- State legislation mandating a 40 hour work week for career firefighters, requiring a fourth platoon
- Declining population (9% in a decade)
Chief Thomas Hanlon introduced a reorganization proposal in 1973 that would build seven new fire stations, purchase new apparatus and use innovative technology.
The size of the department would not change. To accomodate a fourth platoon of 125 members the department went from 18 to 12 fire stations and from 26 to 20 fire companies.
MAXI PUMPER
The first maxi pumper was a 1973 all-wheel drive 1500 gpm/500 gwt rig with a 50' telescoping waterway. Lets see the status of the innovations with the rig.
Engine 5 (IAFF Local 280 photo)
Automated Pump and Hydrant Controls
Designed in 1975 and implemented on Engine 3 in 1976, the radio-controlled automated hydrant valves were high maintenance and poor performers, discontinued after a couple of months. Same for the radio controlled module at the nozzle of the attack line.
The malfunction alert on the automated pump controls has shown up on other rigs.
Rapid Water
An additive designed to reduce the surface tension (friction loss) in water and allow more flow. RAND introduced it in FDNY in 1969 to increase the water flow in 1.75" attack lines. This would allow a reduction in fire company staffing.
The last Syracuse maxi-pumpers with the plumbing for the additive was four Emergency One pumpers purchased in 1982. Recent pumper purchases have Class A foam
Click HERE to read the 31 page, 3 MB .pdf copy of the RAND report on "Slippery Water"
Traffic pre-emption devices
First generation of the devices that provide responding apparatus a green light intersection. Good chance your rig uses a similar device.
Four-wheel drive
Last pumpers with four wheel drive capabilites were purchased in 1991, the skyrocketing cost of rigs and declining municipal budgets were affecting the apparatus specifications.
50' to 55' Telescoping waterway
Two Sutphen pumpers placed into service in 2000 are the first engines without a telescoping boom. Budget constraints and concern about the availability of a Tele-Squrt boom resulted in this decision for Engine 3 and Engine 7.
'
Engine 7 picture by Tom Shand, from Syracuse press release
Engine and Mini 7 responding:
MINI PUMPER
Originally designed to handle automobile and trash fires by itself, the mini-pumper had a 300 gpm pump, 200 gallon water tank, 750' of large diameter hose, radio-controlled master stream and two attack lines. It could function as the Maxi's hose wagon.
Four person engine company staffing is split between the Mini and the Maxi.
The pick-up truck sized four wheel drive rigs had transmission, brake and suspension problems. Larger medium duty rigs were introduced in 1977.
Change of focus
The fire department started providing ems first responder responses in the 1990's with the private ambulance company providing 9-1-1 service.
The first ems first responder mini was evaluated in 1994. Starting in 2002, new mini rigs were ems first responder with no fire suppression capability.
Mini 5 photo credit Shapiro Photography.
Eight of the ten engine companies have ems first responder rigs, two minis are ambulances. Based on the 2008 annual report, 62% of Syracuse responses are ems first-responder runs.
Meanwhile, in Saint Louis
When Neil Svetanics was appointed the Fire Chief of Saint Louis in 1986, the mayor required a significant reduction of the firefighter workforce.
Svetanics established the Total Quint Concept because of the mayor’s mandate. 30 quints replaced 30 engine companies and 12 truck companies.
Dennis Maag reported in Fire Apparatus Journal that St. Louis placed nine Smeal 2250 gpm pumpers in 2011, the first non-quints purchased by the city in two decades.
Eight existing 75' and 125' quints are undergoing refurbishment. The first rig is Engine 28's 2000 Spartan/Smeal 75' 2000 gpm/400 gwt quint. Recieved a rebuilt powertrain, new emergency lights, compartment doors, paint, suspension, radiator and brakes. Assigned as Truck 29.
References:
- Shand, Tom W. and Reeves, David B. (2011) Signal 99: The Fire Apparatus of the Syracuse Fire Department. Grit Printing: Montoursville, PA. available at FSP Books (HERE)
- Maag, Dennis J. (2011 September-October) "Updates: St. Louis Metro" Fire Apparatus Journal Vol 28, No 5, pages 12-13.
- Maag, Dennis J. (2012 January-February) "Updates: St. Louis Metro" Fire Apparatus Journal Vol 29, No 1, pages 12 – 13.
Related articles:
- July 11, 2011: Is our obsession with urban “War Years” like the military’s nostalgia for their Cold War ways? Firegeezer.com
- December 4, 2010: Tom Shand, Innovative Rigs on the Street: Syracuse’s New Pumpers Firehouse
Mike "FossilMedic" Ward



























































KayCee City Manager Wants To Lay Off Firefighters, Use Savings To Give Other City Employees Raises
2 commentsPencil Pushers Have Gone 3 Years Without a Raise
KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI, CITY MANAGER Troy Schulte presented his proposed budget to the City Council members on Tuesday. His $1.3 billion proposal includes a lot of cutbacks in several city services, but the one measure that has raised eyebrows is his suggestion to lay off 105 firefighters. He told the Kansas City Star, as Kansas City’s economy remains stubbornly sluggish, firefighters should no longer be untouchable. "We have to make strategic reductions in public safety," he said.
City Manager Schulte (K.C. Star)
In a most absurd justification, he is also quoted by the Star:
So there you have it. The number of firefighters and fire stations is to be determined by how many fires you get, not what you need when get a fire. By his logic, all the firehouses will then be clustered around the high-activity neighborhoods leaving those slow residential areas to stand in the front yard and watch as their rare house fires consume all they own. As for the airport… well, a hot-line phone box will do. How often does a plane crash out there, anyway?
But as the late Ron Popeil used to say, Wait, there's more! Again from The Star:
No raise in three years, but at least they'll still have a job. This is budgetary Russian roulette.
Note: He earmarked $5 million for police raises and the balance for other management-level employees.
The City Council at its regular session today (Wednesday) publicly reviewed the proposed budget. The Local had exactly 105 firefighters in the council chambers this morning making their presence obvious. KSHB-TV Ch. 41 had their video crew there too, and filed this report earlier today:
Local 42 President Mike Cambiano believes that this just might be some sort of dance and preening on the part othe city manager leading up to contract negotiations with the FF's that begin in April. In addition, the fire chief was never consulted by the city manager on these proposed reductions.
Later this afternoon, following the above video report, Fire Chief Smokey Dyer addressed the Council. The Star reported this afternoon:
Mayor James will present his response to Schulte's plan tomorrow. However one councilman didn't wait to voice his opinion:
The City Council will approve whatever budget is decided on in late March for the fiscal year that begins on May 1.
Read the earlier referenced story from the Kansas City Star HERE.
Read a more in-depth report on the city manager's plans HERE.
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