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How a structural engineer/firefighter looks at buildings

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The things I learn at FDIC

Scott Nacheman is a Long Island volunteer firefighter who ended up as a engineer/Vice President at Thornton Tomasetti:

Scott Nacheman’s diverse professional experience includes the investigation and repair of existing buildings in addition to the restoration of contemporary and historic structures. He is involved in many facets of emergency response and structural stabilization efforts.

Scott Nacheman  (photo by Larry Shapiro)

Scott coordinates the firm’s Property Loss Consulting Practice within the Midwestern region. These services include response and condition assessment of damage caused by hurricanes, tornados, structural collapses, building envelope and curtain wall failures, fires, and a variety of common and complex property loss scenarios.

His proficiency in fire-safety design and post-incident investigations builds on his 15 years of experience as a firefighter, fire lieutenant and instructor in New York and Illinois. He serves as a Structures Specialist with Illinois Urban Search and Rescue (US&R) Task Force 1 as well as DHS/FEMA US&R IN-TF1 and serves on the DHS/FEMA IST incident management team. He is a Certified Fire and Explosion Investigator.

more bio HERE

His presentation on Friday morning at FDIC was fantastic.  Some of my twitter notes:

  • load path
  • most new commercial structures have 2 to 3 different structural systems in place
  • fiberglass framing
  • light gauge steel framing
  • nanomaterials
  • self-consolidating concrete
  • concrete formwork failure
  • osb / eps sandwich … structural insulated panels. … ultra-airtight … mold degrade structure … high heat retention during fire
  • modular construction … much smaller labor force …. less robust / stability than a frame system
  • doubleskin facade … new balloon type structures … LEED friendly.
  • Green roofs are much heavier … snow load? retrofit performance
  • above ground MRI facilities / healthcare
  • delayed finishing … incomplete construction with 2-4 year delay in completion … condition of components
  • precast concrete … gravity & friction holding things together …. often overloaded from initial design

The codes are not keeping up with the built environment.

Mike "FossilMedic" Ward

Technician Kyle Wilson and the lessons we can never forget

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Five years ago today

Last night Dave Statter shared his experience about the 2007 line-of-duty death of Technician I Kyle Wilson in Prince Wiliam County. (Dave's article HERE). Dave is concerned that the Virginia Tech massacre overshadowed the tragedy at 15492 Marsh Overlook Drive.

The after-action analysis and discussions were painful, emotional and worthwhile. I closely followed the process and spoke to with many of the participants. They are my friends and colleagues.

My "bully pulpit" is a textbook that is used by many for their Fire Officer I and II training.

In Chapter 16, "Fire Attack" this is how the section on Smoke, Wind, Size and Fire Flow looks in the second edition (2010).

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Let's start the Fire Department Instructor's Conference week with an in-station drill on one of these topics:

  • Burning Type V residential structure behavior in high wind conditions
  • Determining initial attack fire flow in high wind conditions
  • Austere crew (thin staffed) fire attack procedures
  • Why the NFPA 1710 single family dwelling does not match your first due (you can find an analysis starting on page 188 of the Prince William report.)

NIOSH LODD report

Fire departments should develop SOP’s for incidents with high-wind conditions including defensive attack if necessary. Weather can be considered as critically important when at the extreme, and relatively unimportant during normal conditions.

Wind has a strong effect on fire behavior which includes supplying oxygen, reducing fuel moisture, and exerting physical pressure to move the fire and heat. Wildland fire fighters are very familiar with these effects of wind on the rate at which fire spreads.

According to Dunn, “When the exterior wind velocity is in excess of 30 miles per hour, the chances of conflagration are great; however, against such forceful winds, the chances of successful advance of an initial hose line attack on a structure fire are diminished. The firefighters won’t be able to make forward hoseline progress because the flame and heat, under the wind’s additional force, will blow into the path of advancement.

Fire fighters should change their strategy when encountering high wind conditions. An SOP should be developed to include obtaining the wind speed and direction, and guidelines established for possible scenarios associated with the wind speed and the possible fuel available, similar to that in wildland fire fighting. When the interior attack line has little or no effect on the fire, the line should be withdrawn and a second hoseline should be advanced on the upwind side of the fire. This method may require the use of an aerial ladder or portable ladder, if safety permits.

Prince William County report  (385 pages)

The major factors in the line of duty death of Technician I Wilson were determined to be:
• The initial arriving fire suppression force size.
• The size up of fire development and spread.
• The impact of high winds on fire development and spread.
• The large structure size and lightweight construction and materials.
• The rapid intervention and firefighter rescue efforts.
• The incident control and management.

Thanks to Dave Statter for making an important observation.

Mike "FossilMedic" Ward

The “got-chas” keep on coming

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The Scrutiny Never Stops

About 600 members are attending the International Association of Firefighters Alfred K. Whitehead Legislative Conference in Washington DC this week.

Part of the agenda this afternoon was "Fighting Back and the State and Federal Level"

Today, Carl Campanile of the New York Post has an "exclusive" article about a what a disabled city firefighter is up to:

‘Disabled’ FDNYer with $95K pension now a NASCAR rescuer

Cliff Stabner, a 55-year-old city firefighter who retired in 2003 with a three-quarter disability pension of $95,000 annually, has surfaced as a member of the fire rescue team responding to crashes at Dover International Speedway in Delaware.

photo by Lou Angeli used with permission

The Post has obtained photos of Stabner wearing an orange jumpsuit and a helmet and standing next to a rescue vehicle at Dover’s “Monster Mile’’ track.

Stabner also is a fire captain in his quaint new hometown of Lewes, Del.

Real and imagined issues

Like take-home cars (Miami-Dade, Fairfax), and on-duty shopping at a grocery store (Boston), almost every task or situation is subject to scrutiny and instant analysis.

It is not just fire, last month the Sun-Sentinel completed a three-month investigation on speeding police cruisers in Florida:

The Sun Sentinel uncovered the answers by digging into the officers' toll records. The findings:

  • 793 transponders assigned to police agencies from Miami-Dade to Palm Beach counties showed evidence of speeding — and habitual speeding by some officers.
  • One out of five police cars hit speeds above 90 mph.
  • Total high-speed incidents: 5,100 in a 13-month period.
  • Most of the high speeds — 96 percent — were between 90 and 110 mph.

Cops among Florida's worst speeders, Sun Sentinel investigation finds

Municipal life in the digital age.

Mike "FossilMedic" Ward

 

Code 3 For a Cure Rings the Bell for NASDAQ

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Kicking Off Tuesday Morning's Activities

LORENZO ABUNDIZ, PRESIDENT OF CODE 3 FOR A CURE, rang the opening bell for the NASDAQ financial trading session on Tuesday December 27.

The bell sounds and the light comes on as Lorenzo Abundiz (center)
throws the switch to begin the day's trading activity.  (NASDAQ photo)

Firegeezer readers may recall our coverage last year of the annual mission as Lorenzo drove the Sutphen fire engine across the country visiting firehouses and bringing firefighter cancer issues to the front line.

The Code 3 for a Cure Foundation conducts an Annual Mission of Hope and Honor in which a team of firefighter/cancer survivors drive a fire engine across America to share their personal cancer experiences and to encourage early cancer screenings among firefighters and the general public. The fire engine carries a memorial fire bell on an empty seat that signifies the loss of a firefighter to cancer. The names of fallen firefighters are collected from various fire departments throughout the journey, and at the completion of the Mission a memorial fire bell service is conducted at the Los Angeles Fire Department.

Code 3 for a Cure also grants the requests of terminally ill firefighters who want to ride on the fire engine one more time to encourage fellow firefighters to stay alert of the warning signs of cancer. A main goal of the Foundation is to provide financial relief to firefighters diagnosed with cancer who are facing a financial hardship. You can read about cancer's effect effect on firefighters on the Foundation's website, www.code3foracure.org/stats.html.

Firegeezer is planning to provide coverage again for the 2012 mission.  The Geezerguys were able to meet Lorenzo and see his presentation on this year's tour and we can tell you that it is a marvelous job he is doing.

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Worcester firefighters trapped in collapse of residential building. UPDATED. Incident timeline as tweeted by @Boston_FF_L29.

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As tweeted by @Boston_FF_L29

UPDATE (6:33 am):

Pictures tweeted by @ProvFireVideos

Sad morning.

Incident timeline by @BOSTON_FF_L29

BOSTON & Needham, Ma., USA Boston Ma.Firefighter (L29). Tweeting Local, National Fire News & MY Opinions, NOT those of L29, L718 or Boston Fire. For Wx tweets follow me @L29_SNEWeather

BOSTON_FF_L29 Normally I would have gone to sleep, but this fire seemed different from the start…and got worse by the minute (7:15)

Pictures posted by Matthew Gregoire, Providence Fire Videos, @ProvFireVideos

Thanks to James for catching our headline typo.

STATter911 with additional video and media reports

Fox 25: Worcester firefighter dies in blaze (live helicopter feed ended)

ABC 5: Massive Blaze Destroys Apartment House

Mike "FossilMedic" Ward

A tempting big round rear

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The coupe get plastic surgery

Accord coupe rear ends are big … and attractive. For the second time someone was compelled to kiss the rear bumper of my mid-life "crisis" car.

Not as exciting as the first one in 2009: Examining a Reputation Backpack, (right photo – car at the front of the line) the 2011 bump did more damage.

 

 

 

 

 

 

The latest collision occured while I was leaving the city on the way to the latest adventure in geriatric care. Not great timing!

It was during the "unspecified but credible" terror alert for Washington DC and New York City just before September 11th. After 25 minutes I decided a police report was not needed and left the scene.

Things keep hitting me

My last vehicle was a bright blue SUV that attracted two deer.

When the Saturn still smelled new it was involved in a Christmas Eve deer-vehicle crash (DVC) at 60+ miles an hour in southwest Virginia. A lasting reminder of the incident was when water would drip on my shoulder during heavy downpours. Never did get the door "plumb."

About a year later, in a rainstorm, a deer hits the left front corner as I was leaving the community college.  Much lower speed, the deer runs away. I have to go to a car wash to get all of the deer fuzz off the car.

I planned to buy another small SUV or diesel sedan. When I saw the silver coupe, 6-speed manual transmission, V-6, leather, advanced electronics … could not resist … it was similar to the "poor man's BMW" I bought in 1978.

It looks like all the other cars

Sandy pointed out that the coupe looked like all the other silver and grey blobs on the road.

Sleepily standing in the dimly-lit Parking Garage A at Reagan National Airport at 1 am, I realize she is correct.  All I see are round blobs in various shades of bland.

Maybe I need to get the rear wrapped in NFPA 1901 (2009) Standard for Automotive Fire Apparatus compliant reflective chevrons.

How about deer whistles on the front bumper.

Mike "FossilMedic" Ward

The Cut-Through

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When Wagon Drivers Ruled the World

Long before GPS and Google Earth, Wagon Drivers held the secrets of quick response.

In my department they were the informal leaders of the fire station. They sweated the details and enforced the rules.

Woe be it to the the firefighter driving the pumper while the Wagon Driver had to cover as the acting fire officer. You could never be smooth enough.

From 4th expected to 2nd arriving

Part of their sweating was refining the details of a response route.  This residential road, off a main highway, held value to one group of Wagon Drivers 

To get to the far northeast corner of the fire company's box alarm district, the engine should be proceeding east on the highway another eigth of a mile to a major intersection.

Turn north and proceed up another highway that arcs west. Then turn east on a primary road.

Following those directions, the 3rd due engine would often be 4th arriving due to traffic and topography.

Cutting up this residential road would consistently result in arriving second to the box alarm.

It was more than the straighter road. The intersection was wide with excellent line-of-site. At the top of a hill.

Much easier to turn north here than down the hill at the major traffic-light controlled intersection.

The other side of the cut-through was also better, coming down a slight hill allowed drivers on the primary road to see the pumper sooner. You were turning on the primary road that took you to the incident.

Shaved more than a minute during rush hour responses. 

The cut through is not as valuable now, the maximim width 2010 pumper restricts manuverability. The cut through was great with narrow 1970 era rigs.

21st Century Wagon Drivers

A colleague from a large city was lamenting the over-reliance on technology. The city used map books that were created at each fire station. Each rig has a set of maps covering their box alarm district.

He noticed that the ambulance was taking longer to get out on dispatches. The rookies were entering the dispatch address into their smartphone and could not leave the station until the phone processed the address.

The kids said it took too long to look the address up in the map books. My colleague responded by increasing the number of street drills for the younger firefighters.

There are situations where technology makes a big difference:

Chicago Fire Department placed GPS devices on all of their front-line and reserve ambulances. Each device pre-loaded hospitals and fire stations into the database. They have prepared additional GPS units that are provided to EMS units that are coming into the city to assist with special event standbys.

How do newer members learn your response district?

Mike "FossilMedic" Ward

New “Flashover Prevention” Nozzle Introduced – Firegeezer Exclusive

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International Debut on Firegeezer

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Firegeezer notes:  In February we posted the announcement HERE that Franck Gaviot-Blanc, a fire research scientist in France who specializes in advanced research into fire behavior and extinguishment methodology, has invented a revolutionary new nozzle that is designed to suppress "flashover" conditions in a fire building and protect the firefighters inside from the deadly effects of the flashover.  This is done by creating an engineered fog pattern designed to suppress and cool the fire gasses that are waiting for ignition and flashover.

Franck Gaviot-Blanc

This new nozzle is ready for the market now and it will be introduced tomorrow (Thursday) at the 3-day annual National Congress of Firefighters in Nantes, France (similar to the Fire Rescue International in the U. S.).  Franck has chosen Firegeezer.com to publish the details of the nozzle today, one day early, as the official international announcement.  Our European correspondent Laurence Delorme "Fireball" interviewed Franck Gaviot-Blanc about his new design and is posted here.

Update, October 14:  Technical video added.  Scroll down to end.

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Introducing the "Optimal Nozzle"

Fireball:  1. Why did you give it this name, Optimal Nozzle?

FGB: I wanted to give a short name to this nozzle but I also wanted to point out the term optimal related to this nozzle because of its ergonomics. With its shape of a pistol, this nozzle can be used easily with your 2 hands and the fact that there is no drain, this reduces the number of handlings. You will make fewer mistakes when you operate with this nozzle, especially when you will have to operate in the dark or in a building with a lot of smoke. The way the water is delivered, each setting has been built/designed to reach one goal, to get an optimal water delivery (flow rate) where you can fight fire or cool gasses. The training to use this nozzle is very short, just 1 minute for each probie or firefighter.

2. For what kind of fires will you use this nozzle?

FGB: this nozzle will be mainly used to attack what we call "under-ventilated" fires. (flashover conditions.)  Let me give you some examples or scenario of a structure fire:

First scenario: I arrive at the structure fire and there are flames coming out of the windows of the structure.

Second scenario: I arrive and there is smoke and very few flames. I go inside the burning building and i do the vent-enter-search where there is a lot of smoke around me. Finally I find the seat of the fire which is not very intense or strong and i stop this fire.

Third scenario: I arrive at the firescene, there is smoke and nearly no visible flames. I go inside the building and i do V-E-S with a lot of smoke, and while i'm inside the building blazes up. The seat of the fire will become very large.

In the first scenario, most of the time the fire is large,strong, and the thermal radiance of the flames hamper the firefighters. They will have to use many nozzles from outside with a flow rate of 500liters/per minute for each nozzle. The Optimal nozzle has been designed for the scenarii 2 and 3. This means that when firefighters have to go inside a burning building and operate a nozzle, they will have to cool gasses around them. 

3. How long did it take to you to design this nozzle?

FGB: I have asked my boss IFPEN to begin work on this project in June 2006. From June 2006 to February 2007 I have tried to find an industrial partner which could help me to create this nozzle and to sell it. A partnership was signed in June 2007 and a patent was registered. I'm the inventer, but the patent belongs to my boss, IFPEN. Many tests have been done,and the nozzle will be on the market at the end of this month, September 2011. It took me 6 years to realize my project from my first idea of this nozzle to today, where we have the final product, a fog nozzle for under-ventilated fires.

4. Will the nozzle will be sold on the European market only?

FGB: The nozzle will be sold by 2 different companies. One, Gallin, will be in charge of the distribution in France, and the other company, Pok will sell it in the other countries including North America.

5. Why did you create this nozzle?

FGB: In France, calls for fire are not numerous in the fire service. They represent 10% of the activity of a French firefighter. Less than 1% of the structure fires need to have firefighters inside the burning building. It is extremely rare that you have firefighters who need to operate inside the burning building. But when that happens, these fires are very dangerous and it is always hard to deal with them. You have firefighters inside the building and the fire spreads very quickly.

Most of the nozzles that we use nowadays have not been designed for interior operations. To fight fire inside the building, those nozzles have been designed by people who just tried to adjust their nozzles to work inside burning buildings, so a lot of mistakes happen. Too many possibilities concerning the adjustment for the firefighter on his nozzle when he wants to fight a fire inside.

There is a lack of training concerning nozzles and a lack of time too. The nozzles have a lot of possibilities/options, and the firefighters do not have enough time to learn to use them correctly. I really think that technology could make life easier for the firefighters and not more difficult.

6. Give us some details about this nozzle.

FGB: This fog nozzle has only 2 flow rates, one for each setting. The flow rate of the peripheric setting (made of 4 holes) and which allows you to fight fires or to make long pulse is 250 liters per minute up to 6 bars (pressure) for an angle of 25 degrees.

Fire suppression setting

The flow rate of the central setting which allows you to make short pulses for gas cooling, or produce a fog pattern is 95 liters per minute at an angle of 55 degrees.

Gasses cooling setting

The nozzleman can easily switch from one mode to the other by turning the adjuster at the end of the nozzle. (Like the way American nozzles adjust their patterns….ed.)

The optimal nozzle can flush itself. In the European standards, when you have nozzles with a flow rate which can reach 250 liters per minute, they have to flush themselves.

7. What are the advantages of this nozzle?

FGB: a) easy to use. b) time of training is very short when you want to learn to use it. c) self-flushes itself. d) optimal efficiency.

Thank you, Franck.

National Congress of Firefighters (CSPNA)  WEBSITE.

Update, October 14:
The technical video that was presented at the congress is now presented here:

 

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Shock … followed by purposeful action

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A brilliant and terrible Tuesday morning

Fourteen months into retirement I am teaching a Fire Officer II class at the Reagan National Airport fire station. The classroom is also their kitchen. The kitchen has a television.

The acting battalion chief steps in, apologizes for the interruption, and turns the television on. 

Good Morning America (ABC) is covering the breaking news of a plane that has hit the World Trade Center.

As the news camera focuses on the entry hole, many of the experienced air-crash-rescue guys are speculating on what type of plane hit the tower and the issues facing FDNY.

After a dozen minutes I try to restart the class. Agree to leave the television on with the sound turned down. I get one or two sentences out when we see the second plane hitting the tower.

Class over!

You do not need a Formal Announcement to Mobilize

As FDNY Firefighter James Hanlon (Ladder 1) points out in the opening of the Naudet Brothers documentary 9|11:

… there were days we would go to the Trade Center five times in a single shift. My point is, we knew those towers as well as anybody. But nobody, nobody, expected September 11th.

When the civilian editors of Fire-Rescue Magazine and Journal of EMS were vetting my article, Attack on the Pentagon: The Initial Fire and EMS Response (April 2002 issue), they struggled with the concept that hundreds of emergency responders initiated action without receiving a formal notification.

The Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority Fire Department never expected a 757 to be used as an assault weapon against the Pentagon. When the second plane struck in New York, the dozen off-duty members attending the Fire Officer class joined the 16 on-duty members preparing for the unknown.

They were not alone.

Most of the senior staff and urban search and rescue commanders in my department started purposeful action when they heard of the second plane in New York City. The information came through radio and television, informal digital networks and word-of-mouth.

Rapidly deploying 72 USAR members and 75 tons of equipment

It takes dedicated action by dozens of staff, support and non-USAR firefighters to make a deployment happen.

A point of pride is the ability to assemble the team well within the response deadline for domestic and international response. A deployment represents an administrative five alarm event.

A small role I had while assigned as a company officer at the Fire and Rescue Academy was to respond from home to get the facility unlocked on evenings, weekends and holidays. The Academy, with six classrooms and a large training bay, is the point of staging and assembly for the team.

Far from high tech. The tasks included moving apparatus out of the bay, properly configuring the "quad" – a large space with movable walls to create smaller class spaces, and powering up the facility.

Have to do Something

Ten years ago I also had a part-time job as a civilian Fire Instructor III at the Fire and Rescue Academy.

American Airlines Flight 77 struck the Pentagon shortly after I left the airport.

I was stunned. What could I do? No fire gear in the car, not in uniform, my "retired" fire department ID card did not provide KardKey access to headquarters or communications.

Headed for the Academy. Maybe they are assembling a fire crew with Engine 407.  I was at the Academy in 1982 when we loaded up a Suburban with EMS gear and responded in near-blizzard conditions to the Air Florida 90 crash at the 14th Street bridge.

Not this time. All of the on-duty uniformed staff are away, either responding to the Pentagon or the anticipated USAR deployment. None of the remaining staff experienced a USAR deployment. 

I looked up in time to see the South Tower collapse on live TV. 

Purposeful Action – Setting the Academy for USAR deployment

No more wondering what to do.

Without asking for authorization, started moving academy apparatus out of the high bay building and up the hill. Configured the quad. Tried to set up the communications equipment, but no one had the key to the cabinet.

Before the 11 am official federal mobilization notice, the academy was ready …

… and I was on my way home, satisfied that I did something worthwhile in reaction to the unthinkable.

An Inherent Orientation to Action

Emergency service folks are hard-wired to take action.

To validate the impact of our Citizen CPR program we tried to identify the background of every person who performed CPR prior to the arrival of the department. More than half of the citizen responders were off-duty or former police, fire, ems and health care staff. 

The same orientation that motivated Jeff Simpson, a Dumfries-Triangle Rescue Squad volunteer EMT who was near the World Trade Center. 

From the National EMS Memorial:

"I have no doubt whatsoever that, while I was stricken with disbelief and inaction, Jeff was figuring how he could help.

It was clear in the few minutes we were in the plaza that thousands of people had and would continue to be injured. There were many police, fire and EMS squads arriving at the scene and it was toward these and the injured that Jeff was headed the last time I saw him.

Frankly, there was no other reason for him to go towards the World Trade Center. His hotel, work site and safety were in the opposite direction.

With the second plane hitting the tower, Jeff would have been thinking about the increased number of casualties. I believe Jeff was caught in the collapse of the towers.

I do not know if he was inside the towers or working at one of the triage stations that had been set up close to the towers. In either case, he was doing what he was trained to do and spent his final hours helping the victims," stated Joseph T. Finnegan.

Mike "FossilMedic" Ward

Earlier 9/11 essays:

2011: Remembering 41 EMS responders who died at WTC, including a hero from Prince William County, Virginia

2010: A Terrible and Brilliant Blue Sky Morning

2008: Reprint "The Anger Never Dies"

Whoops! Keep Right, Keep Right!

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Why Air Bags Are Beneficial – #41

THE OKLAHOMA COUNTY, OKLA., SHERIFF'S OFFICE has released this dash-cam video taken from a deputy's cruiser. 

It shows a head-on collision between a deputy's cruiser and an SUV traveling the wrong way in south Oklahoma City. The deputy suffered minor injuries. His K-9 deputy "Boze" was not seriously injured.(CBS News).

 

via Washington Post.

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Firefighters Become Fleafighters

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Preplanning Venture Upgrades to Rolling Haz-Mat Incident

WATERBURY, CONNECTICUT, ENGINE 2 HAD just cleared a medical assist when they decided to check out an abandoned house for some preplanning.

Do NOT go back inside this house.  (WHDH-TV image)

After they had finished looking through the structure, the crew of four got back in the engine and started returning to their station when suddenly everybody began itching like crazy.  A quick self-inspection revealed that all of them were literally covered with fleas…."thousands of them," as one of them described it.  With the number of bites-per-person already mounting in the hundreds, they navigated directly to the nearest hospital for treatment.

Not wanting to take their new friends into the hospital with them, and thus cause a real problem, they went through a de-con in the parking lot, disrobing and putting all their clothes in the quarantine bags before going inside the emergency room where they were examined and treated.  They are also being checked for any diseases that are commonly carried by fleas such as bubonic plague.  Their clothes and running gear are getting the de-con wash jobs and the engine was towed to an exterminator's shop to be fumigated throughout.

NBC News has the story and a good video report HERE.
Hat tip:  Mark D.

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Busiest Time for London Fire Brigade

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Report from the London Fire Brigade:

New figures released today show that London’s firefighters dealt with over 100 serious fires related to the recent civil disturbances in the capital.

Estimates show the Brigade attended 109 fires in properties where lives were believed to be at risk. Fire crews were also called to hundreds of fires affecting cars, bins and grass land.

The Brigade’s 999 Control Officers received more than 5,000 emergency calls over a four day period from Saturday, 6 August.

The busiest time for control staff came between 6pm on Monday and 7am on Tuesday where staff answered 2,168 calls.

That Monday evening saw huge blazes in Enfield, Croydon and Clapham Junction. Serious fires were also attended in Ealing, Barking and Dagenham, Greenwich, Merton and Southwark.

Fire crews are still at the scene of the Sony Warehouse in Enfield which, at its height, saw 11 fire engines and around 55 firefighters tackling the blaze. Builders started to dismantle the warehouse on Friday giving firefighter’s better access to the deep seated pockets of fire that remain at the site.

During the civil unrest on London’s streets ten firefighters were injured. A woman firefighter was attacked and had her scooter stolen as she was on her way to work in Clapham. Another firefighter was attacked as he left Battersea Fire Station and suffered bruised ribs.

Eight fire engines had there windscreens smashed and two senior officers’ cars were attacked. London

Fire Commissioner, Ron Dobson said: “This has been one of the busiest and most unpleasant periods the London Fire Brigade has ever faced. I’d like to pay tribute to our staff and other emergency services who have remained professional and dignified in the face of adversity.”

The Brigade has launched an arson prevention guide urging businesses to take extra measures to protect themselves as the threat of disturbances across the capital continues.

12 August 2011: Busiest time in recent memory for Brigade

"Like" the London Fire Brigade on Facebook (HERE)

 London Fire Brigade Incident Mapping

A new information source recently provided by the brigade.  Click HERE

Boroughs and ward boundaries shown on a map have been shaded to indicate the total amount of different incidents that have happened in your area over the past year.

This will help you gain a clearer understanding of where the incidents we attend occur across London. The site has been created in partnership with the Metropolitan Police Service.

BBC (2011 May 23) 'First' fire incidents map goes online in London

Mike "FossilMedic" Ward

Kansas City Firefighter Threatens Co-Workers

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Showing Symptoms of Stress?

A KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI, FIREFIGHTER appeared to have "lost it" Wednesday morning shortly after he arrived at work in Fire Station 28.

KSHB-TV image

The Kansas City Star reports that he confronted a group of his co-workers and went into a rant about "the new guys never putting fuel in the firetruck," according to a police report.  The Star continues:

A 29-year-old firefighter "wasn’t really listening to the suspect," police said, because he was trying to get ready to go home. This angered the suspect, who said, "I’m talking to you, too!"

The younger firefighter asked "what his problem was…and why he was yelling," according to police reports. The suspect then allegedly shoved the younger firefighter with both hands.

A fire captain intervened and told the suspect to go home and take a "sick day," according to police reports.

A few minutes later, the suspect showed back up in the fire house with a gun and "began waving it back and forth and pointing it at" four firefighters who were sitting in a common area. The suspect "stated he was going to shoot them all," police reports said.

The captain once again intervened and got the 47-yr.-old disturbed firefighter calmed down and made sure he went home.  While the police were called to make a report on the incident, none of the firefighters wanted to file any charges against him.  Later that day, two representatives of the union Local visited the man at his home and then escorted him to a hospital for a psychiatric evaluation.

KSHB-TV Ch. 41 ran this video report:

 

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Attacks on fire crews must stop before people die

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The Fire Brigades Union is warning that attacks on fire crews will result in deaths if they continue. Any delay in carrying out rescues hugely increases the risk to anyone trapped in a fire.

FBU Assistant General Secretary Andy Dark said: “Fire crews have been subjected to attacks and threatened as they try to protect the communities they live and work in. It is predominantly poorer working class communities that are bearing the brunt of arson attacks.

“Fire crews are doing their best in the face of great risk to themselves. They’ve been attacked on the way to incidents, at the scene and there have been attempts to steal life saving equipment.

“Those who are torching homes, shops and workplaces need to understand they are seriously risking lives. There is a very real risk that this will result in a significant loss of life if it goes on.

“Fire crews are frustrated and angry that they cannot get to burning buildings, especially where people may be trapped. Fire crews have to be able to get through without fear of attack or serious injury or people will die. “We’ve seen businesses lost, many of them small retailers in what is left of our High Streets. Livelihoods are being lost and it’s jobs going up in smoke, not just buildings.

“We’re making a direct appeal to those involved to let the fire crews through and let them get on with the job. Fire won’t wait, and any delay risks lives being lost or the total loss of homes, shops and workplaces.

“All we have is kit to protect from the danger of fires, not from bricks, bottles or metal bars. We do not arrest people and we only use water on fires, we do not use it on those involved in these disturbances.

“In recent days the fire service has been overwhelmed in London. There is a clear risk this will also be the case in other cities if these disturbances spread further.”

Mike "FossilMedic" Ward

Morning Lineup – August 5

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Friday Morning – Drive Safely

A couple of days ago I was talking (HERE) about the latest listing of stolen cars according to "popularity," or rather which ones are most-sought after by the thieves.  The information came from an organization called the Highway Loss Data Institute which is coupled with the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety.  Over the years we have all heard of these outfits, mainly through press releases such as the one we talked about earlier, but if you're like me, you probably never fully understood just who they are.

Many people think -rightly – that they have something to do with the auto insurance companies, so out of curiosity I looked them up.  The entry page for their website is HERE and on it they describe themselves:

The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety is an independent, nonprofit, scientific, and educational organization dedicated to reducing the losses — deaths, injuries, and property damage — from crashes on the nation's highways.

The Highway Loss Data Institute shares and supports this mission through scientific studies of insurance data representing the human and economic losses resulting from the ownership and operation of different types of vehicles and by publishing insurance loss results by vehicle make and model.

Then they provide the LINK to a rather lengthy list of all the insurance companies that together fully fund this operation.  The IIHS had its beginnings in 1959 when three major insurance companies banded together to promote better highway safety efforts, then in 1969 the organization was changed to become an independent research group and since then they have been doing most of the crash-test research.  Their goal is to lower life and property loss by having cars built better and able to withstand crashes and become less likely to be in accidents.

They have been successful at it because, they claim, the number of people killed on the nation's roads has been falling since 1979, even as the population and the number of miles driven have been climbing. Much of this improvement is a result of vehicles becoming safer.  In addition, they have been promoting seat-belt laws and better licensing procedures.  In 1992 they moved into a modern, scientific test facility in Ruckersville, Virginia, where they carry out extensive crash testing on outside pavement, inside laboratories and test sled impacts.  I recommend that you take a few minutes to look around their WEBPAGE HERE for the Vehicle Research Center and see what all they're involved with.  It's enlightening.

 

View more crash-test videos HERE.

Now let's enlighten ourselves with the status of our equipment and get it checked out for today.  I'm going to start some more coffee before we meet back in the day room.

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NIOSH, 9/11, WTC and Cancer

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NIOSH says, "No, for now."

First things first, NIOSH stands for National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. They are part of the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) with whom they have often had a relationship that perhaps can best be described as strained. (Think of the CDC as a wealthy but stingy and slightly jealous mother-in-law.)

This rather modest "David" of a federal agency has become the "Goliath" in the post-9/11 responder health debate since they are effectively responsible for deciding which medical conditions will be covered under the $2.775 billion Victims Compensation Fund (VCF). Their entire annual budget is $300 million thus giving them out-sized influence in a highly controversial area, something they would probably prefer to do without.

NIOSH headquarters, Washington, D. C.

The Victims Compensation Fund operates through 2017. Importantly, during the first five years of the fund the maximum total payout is capped at $875 million with the "lion’s share", $1.9 billion, being paid out in the sixth year. Does this mean that congress expects the medical claims associated with 9/11 exposure to skyrocket in the out years?

The reaction to NIOSH’s decision, after a comprehensive literature review, to delay including cancer as a covered illness, has been predictable and unfortunate. NIOSH has come in for a shellacking from 9/11 responders and their families for failing to concede the obvious: they have been stricken with cancer and their work at Ground Zero is the reason.

But, not so fast. It is widely accepted that the resultant cancers from many occupational exposures take many years and sometimes decades to develop. NIOSH is simply doing their job by awaiting proof of 9/11 cancers to appear in medical journals and other treatment or research related documents. Criticizing them for adhering to professional standards is a little bit like the ignorant bystanders at a fire expecting firefighters to skip the supply line or SCBA so they can be quicker stretching a line: it may look good but the results could be disastrous.

All federal agencies are "political." NIOSH is part of the executive branch and they rely on Congress, part of the legislative branch, to provide them with funding. And, of course, depending on who is in the White House, the policy of these federal agencies can swing significantly, as it should. Having said (all of) that, NIOSH is consistently and appropriately dedicated to protecting the health of America’s workers regardless of who is in the WH or in the majority on the Hill. Their agenda is to make the workplace, wherever it may be, as safe as it can be made given constraints.

If cancer is a consequence of 9/11 duty, the studies will soon clearly show it and we can be sure that NIOSH will respond accordingly. Now is not the time to undermine the federal agency most dedicated to worker safety generally, and firefighter safety, specifically.

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Updated: Morning Lineup – June 30

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Thursday Morning - How Are You Feeling?

Updated, 10 am:
NIOSH report now available online.  Scroll down.

Perhaps you recall the tragic day last July when two Bridgeport, Connecticut, firefighters perished in an afternoon house fire.  Firegeezer reported the STORY HERE at the time it happened.  Yesterday (Wednesday) the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) released the preliminary report on their investigation into the two LODD's.  The Connecticut Post sums it up in the first paragraph of their article about it:

Bridgeport fire officials' failure on nearly every level led to the deaths of two firefighters battling a West Side blaze last July, a federal report has concluded.

That's pretty damning and right to the point.  "Fire officials," "…every level," "…failure," "…led to the deaths."  The Post then goes on to list the findings that were included in the report:

  • Despite the information that we passed along on the day of the fire, there was no Rapid Intervention Team available to go to the firefighters' assistance.
  • The deputy fire chief and his assistant at the scene of the Elmwood Street fire had a discussion about whether they heard a mayday call from the two fallen firefighters instead of taking immediate action to rescue them.

  • The officials did not properly manage the firefighters' air supplies.
  • The incident safety officer did not arrive until more than 20 minutes after the fire was dispatched.
  • One of the firefighters had transmitted a mayday call that was not acknowledged nor acted upon.

The 60-page report goes on, but no need to belabor it here.  It is no surprise that an earlier state OSHA report cited a critical lack of proper training of the firefighters on SCBA usage and the failure to inspect the air supply equipment correctly.  The NIOSH report has not been published yet, but has been released to the City and the fire department for review while the agency completes its review of its findings and recommendations.  However, the Connecticut Post was also permitted to see the preliminary report and they published the information that we have just passed along in an article yesterday that you can read online HERE.

Included in NIOSH's long list of recommendations are several that address the issue of firefighter health and physical conditioning.  The autopsy of one of them disclosed that he suffered from coronary artery disease.  Again, from The Post:

In February, Rooney said the department plans to adopt the more widely used state Candidate Physical Ability Test, instead of its own test, to evaluate incoming candidates. Rooney said the department is working with the firefighters union to set up annual stress tests for new hires. He said he would like to see a physical ability test required for new hires and monetary incentives for those who meet fitness goals.

For me, this opens up more questions.  Why has the department never had any stress tests for its firefighters after all these years of reports and advances about firefighter health and heart disease?  And, why are they only setting up annual tests for new hires?  Why not test the people who are on the job?

Also, the part that leaves me really befuddled:  "….monetary incentives for those who meet fitness goals."  Isn't that the same mindset that has been draining the treasuries of cities and states everywhere?  How about this for an incentive:  Keeping your job.  Or, remaining eligible for promotion?  Many fire/rescue and EMS agencies have minimal physical ability, agility, and health standards that they maintain as a "condition of employment."  That has been amply demonstrated as an effective method to both reduce on-the-job injuries and to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of fireground operations.

Now I realize that when a department has persistently ignored those areas, they will have several firefighters who are good, dedicated, and skilled employees that have slipped outside the preferred limits.  There are both legal and compassionate reasons to take that into consideration when implementing a physical standard for a department.  But whatever route is taken, it has to be done.  I wonder how many other departments will learn from this report and start corrective programs before they lose their own firefighters to a terrible incident?  Judging from the past, I'm not confident.

Now let's make sure our own health and efficiency is being taken care of and get this equipment checked out.  I'll go get some good, healthy coffee started.

Update, 10 am:
The NIOSH report is now available online.  FirefighterNation has more on this along with a link to the .pdf report HERE.

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Pasadena to reduce fire company staffing

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FY 2012 budget proposes allowing five of the eight engine companies to respond with a crew of three

PASADENA -

The city's Public Safety Committee will hold a special meeting 4:15 p.m. Tuesday to discuss the Pasadena Fire Department's proposed Fiscal Year 2012 Operating Budget, which incorporates $2 million in reductions, and the associated service level impacts.

The fiscal year 2012 Recommended Operating Budget includes a $2 million, or roughly 5 percent, reduction in the Fire Department's budget. The Public Safety Committee will meet to discuss the service level impact of the proposed reduction.

Read more here: (2011 June 11) Cuts to Pasadena Fire Department's 2012 budget up for discussion Pasadena Star News

Like other departments, the money saved is by not filling up to five vacant fighter positions a day with overtime staff.

This link takes you to the 17 slide fire department budget presentation. There is a comprehensive literature review on 3-versus-4 person fire company staffing.  Adobe Acrobat .pfd format: (HERE)

Fire department website

Pasadena Firefighters IAFF Local 809

Related:

(2011 April 26) Pasadena Fire Station 39 to be Vacated as the Result of Seismic Stability Studies

Station 39, a single engine house built in 1949, will be closed for 24 – 36 months.

Only one of eight Pasadena fire stations meet current earthquake codes. Station 34 next to the Cal Tech campus.

In addition to vacating Station 39, Station 32 requires immediate retrofitting to avoid collapse in event of an earthquake. 

Station 32 has a paramedic engine, truck company, rescue ambulance and the urban search and rescue team.

City allocated $800,000 to repair Station 32 and design a replacement Station 39.

Looking at a total of $59 million to upgrade or replace seven of the eight city fire stations. This obligation is on top of existing capital obligation for repairs to the Rose Bowl and school construction.

Not sure if the city is temporarily disbanding Engine 39. That represents 4 firefighter positions every day.

Mike "FossilMedic" Ward

Great Boots! (a product review)

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A Boot That Lives Up to Its Claims

 

A few weeks ago I received a review pair of Black Diamond X2 bunker boots. These are the first bunker boots I've had that are of what they call hybrid construction. That is, they are made of leather, rubber, and a Nomex/Kevlar fabric, along with the Crosstech lining and steel pieces you expect in a bunker boot. After years of swearing by leather boots and dark ages before that of rubber, I don't mind finding a third way. Black Diamond boasts of several innovations in these boots, including their "3-point heel locking" (sic) system and a souped up footbed. There are a lot of nice features in these boots but you can read about those elsewhere (.pdf); we'll move on to the subjective, real-world evaluation.

My first impression out of the box and on my feet was that these boots fit and fit well. I have big calves (one of many nicknames: ham hocks), a nearly flat foot, and odd proportions of the balls of my feet to the heels. It is hard to get a boot that fits right from toe to shin but these really, really do. A lot of boots like to claim "shoe comfort" but these are the only I've ever found that actually come close. I've worn rubber and leather of numerous brands but these are, far and away, the most comfortable and supportive I've found. Not only that, but I was surprised to find out that the heel lock actually works! I can feel it snugly holding my heels in place.

You'll agree that comfort is only half the battle when it comes to something this expensive (retail: $298.95). After a few weeks on the truck and some action I can say that, so far at least, I'm pleased with the durability and performance. The pull loops are not going anywhere and the stitching looks great after some abuse. I know I can't really definitively pass judgment on the overall durability at this early date but the boots look promising on that count. The shinguard and toe cap are both substantial and I feel very confident in their level of protection, those pull loops are large and well placed, and the elastic band at the rear of the top allows plenty of flex around my fat legs. They also seem relatively light, though I haven't actually compared their weight to others.

Overall I'd say these boots are the only I've found that live up to the promises made about comfort and support. They seem durable, I feel protected in them (I can't say that about every boot I've ever worn, and I have the scar tissue on my feet to back it up), and I don't mind the way they look. The price is high but I'm a firm believer that two things on which you should never skimp are footwear and mattresses. I highly recommend these boots.

………. Patrick Mahoney.

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United Firefighters of Los Angeles City protest proposed deployment changes

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More than a hundred Local 112 members show up at hearing.

Firefighters’ Union Protests Budget Cuts: MyFoxLA.com

Bob Decastro  KTTV Fox 11

…more than 100 members of the firefighters' union marched to City Hall to protest $54 million in budget cuts.

Dozens of members of United Firefighters of Los Angeles City packed city council chambers, wearing matching white T-shirts and applauding as council members expressed concern over the new fire department plan.

 

the city maven estimates 150 firefighters.

LAFD Firefighters March to City Hall, Protest Deployment Plan

Article includes extensive quote from Pat McOsker, president of United Firefighters of Los Angeles City / IAFF Local 112:

UFLAC Launches Facebook and Twitter Accounts.

In order to increase the level of communications between the Executive Board and the membership, UFLAC has launched both a Twitter account and a Facebook page.

The Twitter page is found http://www.twitter.com/uflac , and Facebook page is found at The United Firefighter of Los Angeles City, IAFF Local 112.

Please add UFLAC to your list of accounts and encourage other members to do the same. We will be adding links to these features directly from our website; http://www.uflac.org , in the near future.

– Adam VanGerpen.  Editor, The Los Angeles Firefighter

Mike "FossilMedic" Ward

Earlier on Firegeezer: LAFD restructure protest planned today

Worker Compensation – Friday followup

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A continuing trend

"Legal Briefings for Fire Chiefs" is a monthly newsletter produced by EDM Publishers.

E. Michael Quinlan, Esq., is the President of EDM.

In the just released May 2011 issue he reviews a disputed claim for accidential disability retirement.

The court was considering if the events leading to the injury were from an accident or a risk inherent in the duties of a firefighter.

Inherent risk means no accidential disability benefits. Please note his comments:

Editor’s Note:

This case is indicative of a definite trend. In recent years, we have observed a dramatic increase in the number of accidental disability retirement cases which are vigorously contested by local governments and states.

One must assume that a compelling reason is the current financial crisis and the tremendous financial burden from all forms of retirement obligations on local governments.

That said, we look for more of these cases in the near future and, like this case, we will report those indicating a trend that all fire departments should be aware of .

Earlier this week we looked at two law enforcement worker compensation experiences.

Both suffered severe, life-changing injuries that create a lifetime of medical care issues.

Corporal David Brown was successful in his lawsuit to gain eligibility for worker compensation for his in-uniform on motorcycle private service at a funeral procession.

The city is appealing the court's decision. Brown has $1.5 million in unpaid medical bills.

Officer Jason Schechterle was told by the state Industrial Commision that he was cleared for full duty as a police officer, a decade after he was trapped in a crushed police car and "burned beyond recognition."

A pre-recession example

I was in the middle of the "two-hatter" debate a decade ago. Described the worst case scenario from a Fort Worth, Texas, suburban line of duty death incident:

Brian Collins and Phillip Dean were career firefighters in Fort Worth, Texas, and members of the River Oaks Volunteer Fire Department.

Both responded to a Lake Worth, Texas, church fire in February 1999.

The roof of the burning church collapsed, killing Collins, Dean and Gary Sanders, a Samson Park Volunteer Fire Department member.

This tragedy worsened when the Fort Worth City retirement board ruled that neither Collins nor Dean were eligible for line-of duty death benefits because they weren't working as city firefighters when the roof collapsed.

Both wives were pregnant, one also had a 5 year old boy and a 2 year old girl.

The difference worked out to $1,600 a month per family. Neither the city of Lake Worth nor the city of River Oaks would assume the $456,000 obligation to cover the line-of-duty benefits for Collins and Dean.

Their widows took the retirement board to court and lost the first two rounds.

In April 2001, they were preparing an appeal to the state supreme court when Fort Worth Mayor Kenneth Barr was able to convince the city to pay the full line-of-duty death benefits.

From Fire Chief Magazine, January 2003, Brother vs. Brother .

If we had that situation today, not sure that the mayor could convice the city council or the public to committ a half-a-million dollars for city employees who died off-duty and out-of-town.

Assume the worst and appropriately prepare

It is the role of the risk manager to minimize municipal obligation and liability. 

For example: General employees of a large county were told that their medical bills would not be paid if they were involved in a vehicle collision while on duty and did not use a seat belt.

Consider participating in the Firemen's 5k on May 28 in Fort Worth

The Firemen's 5k was established in 1999 by Gary Stevenson in memory of the firefighters who died while fighting a church fire in Lake Worth, Texas.

The 5k originally began as a way to benefit the familes. However, in 2001 the families decided to continue the 5k in Phillip Dean's and Brian Collin's memory and for one hundred percent of the proceeds to benefit The Compassionate Friends and The WARM Place.

Both of these organizations are grief support groups to aid people when a loved one has died. It is a way to give back to the community who so generously gave after the death of these fine young men.

The tradition continues to honor Brian and Phillip and the great men and women who risk their lives on a daily basis to keep others safe.

Mike "FossilMedic" Ward

“Hey, Leatherhead!”

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With the Right Tools, You Can Make One For Yourself.

"Leatherhead" is what many 19th-century firefighters were called because of their distinctive leather hats.  Back then they came in many different shapes and designs before the current "traditional" style was settled on out of practicality.

After all that time, the leather helmet is still favored over all the other materials that have been used in fire helmets, although there are several to choose from.  And if you want to know why they cost so much, then this video produced by MSA, the current owners of Cairns and Bro.,will demonstrate the large amount of manual labor that is used in making each one.

Take a few minutes to watch, enjoy and learn:

 

For a good, concise history of the American fire helmet, be sure to read the article written by Dave Seliger in Core77 HERE.

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Today's Best Buy!!

JVC Dual Slot, High-Definition Camcorder

On Sale Now for 50% Off….

CLICK HERE for full information and to order one for yourself (or Mother's Day).

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Friends Without Benefits

3 comments

Wonder why the IAFF is moving FirePAC?

IAFF Freezes Federal FIREPAC Contributions

Amendment submitted by Florida Congressman Cliff Stearns (Republican) mandates all the World Trade Center responders be compared to the database of suspected terrorists before receiving benefits from the James L. Zadroga 9/11 Health & Compensation Act.

NO other federal program requires such scrutiny.

As Jon Stewart says – a final kick in the nuts.

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But wait, there is more. California Congressman Henry Waxman (Democrat), chair of the committee, agreed that it was a good idea.

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Earlier related post, January 17, 2011: The Facts Matter

Mike "FossilMedic" Ward

 

Hard Closures for LAFD means 228 fewer firefighters on duty every day

4 comments

Another 106 firefighter positions removed from the streets in FY12

Kerry Cavanaugh of the Los Angeles Daily News previewed changes in Los Angeles Fire Department deployment that were to be announced today:

LAFD plan aiming to do more with less

Since 2008, the department's budget has shrunk by about $100 million and the LAFD hasn't hired a single firefighter.

In 2009, the fire department went on a "modified coverage plan," which closed fire companies on a rotating basis. Each day, 122 fewer fighters were assigned to stations.

The result was a chaotic system in which firefighters were shuttled all over town to work with people they didn't know – not a good situation for people who work in life-threatening conditions.

In LAFD there has been buzz about "hard closures" – permanent closing of companies – in the next budget year.

Cavanaugh explains the overall plan:

Fire Chief Millage Peaks' redeployment plan will permanently and selectively close fire companies based on the computer modeling data (from the last three years).

He'll reduce the number of staffed fire engines in areas where demand is low, and increase medical response in areas where demand is high.

Some 10 fire companies will be reassigned as paramedic resources – a reflection of the high number of medical calls.

The service closures will mean 106 fewer firefighters assigned to stations each day.

Instead, they'll fill in for firefighters who are sick, on vacation or in training, which will reduce overtime expenses.

By permanently cutting fire resources, the department will need 318 fewer firefighters.

(No one will be laid off, but position vacancies will not be filled.)

While NOT officially posted, it appears that 12 engines and six light forces (truck companies) will close. 

Some positiona will be used to restore rescue ambulances that were closed in 2009.  The article points out that 4 out of every 5 calls to LAFD are medical.

There is additional reorganization at the command level.

Anticipated to close:

  • Engines 1, 20, 35, 50, 69, 74, 73, 75, 92, 96, 105, and 209
  • Light Forces (trucks) 17, 28, 38, 47, 58 and 72.

Mike "FossilMedic" Ward

PPE Report From Kansas

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DOESN'T ANYBODY LISTEN ???

From the St. John (Kansas) News:

Stafford County firefighters had to battle fire and ice Friday morning at a tank battery fire north of St. John as a storm front moved through producing high winds, sleet, rain and snow.

A tank battery fire destroyed four tanks, leveling two and damaging two others, approximately ¾ mile north of NW 120th Street and 1 mile west of U.S. Hwy 281. Workers at the scene said they heard a loud bang and then saw fire shooting from the top of the tank.

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