
Firegeezer notes: Our special correspondent in Croatia, Firefighter Nenad Illisic writes occasionally about special equipment or operations and how they are used in his country. Nenad is stationed in the city of Pula. Today he tells us about a new tunnel rescue vehicle that has just been put in service.
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TRV ZE1 "MERKUR"
The Učka Tunnel (Croatian: Tunel Učka) is a toll tunnel on the A8 motorway in Croatia. Being part of the Istrian Y network in Istria, it is 9.1 meters (30 ft) wide and 5,062 m (16,608 ft) long, the third longest in Croatia after the Mala Kapela and Sveti Rok tunnels. The tunnel consists of a single tube, with two traffic lanes. Construction on the existing tunnel tube began in 1978 and it was opened for traffic on September 27, 1981. It is currently used for traffic in both directions. (wikipedia).
The tunnel is covered with 83 CCTV cameras, 538 fire detectors, 39 fire hydrants, 38 SOS stations. Professional fire department is on duty 24 hours all the time on both sides of tunnel. Their job is to intervene in case of fire or accident, and to provide escort trough tunnel for dangerous and extraordinary transports.
A new rescue and evacuation vehicle has been delivered on October 2011. for needs of Tunel Učka BINA Istra.

Evacuation vehicle TRV ZE1 „MERKUR“ with electric drive, completely is projected and built in Croatia; Ziegler Zagreb, and represents a prototype of that kind of vehicle in all of the world. It's main purpose is rescue and evacuation of people in the tunnel.
Concept of vehicle is based in 3 chambers/cabins: (1) First (driver) cabin – (2) rescue space – (3) second (driver) cabin. This concept allows transit from one cabin to another, to driver place also, through vehicle (although it is possible to enter from outside). Built in air bank allows to create overpressure inside of vehicle, to not allow the enter of outside particles and smoke inside of vehicle. In this way optimal conditions are ensured for driving in confined space (tunnel) in emergency conditions (tunnel fire). Rescued people are separated from driver cabin with folding doors to avoid shock and panic, although it is possible to enter if there is need for help. It is foreseen that one of crew members is driver and second member is for person help. 12 persons + 2 crew members is the capacity of vehicle. In each driver cabin there is driver position with ZIEGLER seat with integrated breathing apparatus. In rescue space there are 8 sitting and 4 standing positions, for each position there is a breathing hood connected to the vehicle air bank.

It is possible to drive in any direction, but only one driver cabin/position can be active at the time. With activation of one driving position, another is automatic deactivated, and axle drive below also. The driver doesn't need to think what is going on in the other cabin because a hydraulic unit automatically centers the driving wheel and wheels of the not active part of the vehicle. All driving lights automatically change sides, even registration plate lights on ''rear'' side.
The vehicle is electric driven. The advantage of this concept over combustion engines is that vehicles of this kind can work in conditions with low concentration of oxygen needed for combustion engines. Electric motors don't need oxygen for work
Many studies and practical results all over the world, had shown that this is a big problem in tunnel fires.
4×4 wheel, electric drive is based on 2 three-phase electric motors with water cooling , nominal power 2 x 76,6 kW (max 2 x 95 kW), each for one axle drive. Driving of vehicle is easy. There are no classic transmission gear. The driver can choose between driving ahead, back or neutral. All what he need is to drive the steering wheel and press the accelerator. There are two battery packages, nominal voltage of 212 V and capacity of 2 x 18 Ah. Each battery package is made of 90 cells of LiFePo4 battery. Electric chargers are built on the vehicle, all you need is electric cable and outside source of electricity. Maximum speed is limited on 60 km/h. Autonomy of the vehicle in mixed work is 4 hours. Turning radius is 14 meters.
All brakes are pneumatic activated, and parking brake is activated by pressing on a button.
Floor part of the vehicle is protected with metal sheeting, with permanent layer of floor protection, which reduces the possibility of damage on the vehicle during exploitation (especially during intervention). On the vehicle is there is built-in self protection with water. In total 10 nozzles protect outer parts of the vehicle, 6 on the roof of vehicle and 4 for tires and floor protection.
Mounted run-flat system allows driving with flat tires.
On the vehicle there are mounted 2 pneumatic doors, one on each side of the vehicle. Through entrance there are stairs. On the last stair there are doors made of PVC vertical blinds. The purpose of those is to prevent the entrance of foreign particles, ashes and smoke during intervention.

Beside pneumatic doors, 4 doors are mounted for entrance-exit in emergency, which can be opened manually.
Air bank for breathing consists of 14 bottles, 50 liter volume each and 300 bar of loading pressure. . Through reduction valve, distributors to overpressure valves and hood masks, breathing air is brought inside of the vehicle. There are 2 sensors mounted for monitoring the level of oxygen – one inside and one outside of the vehicle. All data are processed through central unit. Air bank can be activated automatic or manual. Estimated duration of air bank is 5 hours (all consumers activated).

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Each cabin of the vehicle has 1 thermal camera. Inside, on LCD screens, thermal images of vehicle’s surrounding is shown. This allows to see and even drive in 100% smoked areas.

The vehicle is equipped with cameras for reverse driving.
Outside and inside lightening is in LED technology, which gives attractive look, optimum lightening of exterior and interior of the vehicle, and reduced energy consumption. Light signaling is in LED technology also. Blue flash lights are on the roof and on the front of cabins. Fire siren and speaker for speech from cabin.

On the vehicle different testings an simulations were made. Overpressure and smoke leaking, possibility of overcoming the uphill, brake system tests, acceleration and max speed, autonomy of vehicle and maneuverability.
The vehicle is approved by high voltage installation authority, high pressure bottles authority, electromagnetic compatibility, and it is approved by Croatian vehicle center.
Story details and additional photos HERE.
Recommended, also by Nenad Illisic:
The Croation Fire Service – Then and Now (Part One) HERE. Part Two HERE.
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Penny Wise and Pound Foolish – A Commentary
24 commentsOnly the Taxpayers Are Being Fooled on This One
The Braun Ambulance company (a manufacturer) has this photo of Volusia County, Florida's new rigs on their Facebook page:
Yes, those are fire engine-ambulances. They have 500gpm pumps and 300-gallon tanks. Oh, and CAFS, of course. Because what would a "forward thinking"
fire departmentPublic Protection Fire Service be without CAFS. The "forward thinking" quote is from the company rep defending these apparatus from Facebook commenters who aren't so easily duped as the public whose services are being being cut in half. Like any good stooge, he says the citizens will face no reduction in service.This is simply not true. That the citizens will receive the same level of service is not true. That the apparatus are just as capable as any other ambulance or Class A pumper is not true. That these monstrosities show some special attention to the future is not true. These are nothing but gimmicks used by the penny-wise and pound foolish administrators of a local government abdicating its duty to provide for the public safety. I suppose it is true that these apparatus make for a more efficient use of resources than having separate ambulances and pumpers. There will be no lazy parasitic firemen lounging around waiting for a fire in this Public Protection department. There will also be no firefighters making aggressive and fast interior attacks (300 gallons is a lot less water than I have to work with on my quint!) or addressing your rescue or fire needs when your neighbor has a sniffle. Of course, we've recently been told that forward-thinking fire people shouldn't be making interior attacks anyway, so I guess this might be fine.
Don't get me wrong about EMS. I am 100% in favor of fire-based EMS and believe that we need to step up our EMS provision so it's as important as firefighting. But that means that I believe we should raise both to a level of excellence, not eliminate any semblance of respect for the exigencies of both. If fire protection matters and EMS matters then these apparatus represent a monstrous falsehood perpetrated against a public that is not getting what it thinks it is paying for.
And don't get me wrong about this question either: Why do we have fire services?
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Braun Ambulance Co. WEBSITE.
Volusia County Fire Services WEBSITE.
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