The state-mandate Metropolitan Fire Department was replaced by the Fire Department of New York (FDNY) in 1870.
There are elements of the MPD that echo in operations and issues today:
Continuous Duty
Metropolitan firefighters worked 151 hours a week on “continuous duty.” That means they lived in the fire station, with the horses, and worked every day.
They get one hour off for lunch and 1.5 hours off for dinner, rotating their schedule to assure adequate fire company staffing.
Firemen received one day off per month. Explains why most of the workforce were single men.
It was not until 1922 that FDNY firefighters went to a two-platoon schedule, working 84 hours/week.
Went to a three platoon, 50 hours/week work schedule in 1939.
Returned to a two-platoon 84 hours/week schedule in 1944 due to World War II staffing shortages.
Third platoon not restored until 1953 after Mayor’s Management Survey Committee, work week set at 46 hours/week.
Paramilitary Structure
The transition of a community fire station with 60 or more volunteers to a work location with a dozen employees and a couple of horses was difficult.
During the first year, 70 of the 580 MFD employees were fired or resigned while under charges, accounting for 12% of the workforce.
The use of military-style supervision and control remains a feature in big-city and large departments.
Battalions and Divisions (Brigades)
The volunteer fire department responded to fires with each company functioning as a free agent.
The volunteer assistant chief engineers were selected from the ranks of the fire company foremen. They coordinated activities of more than one fire company at an incident, but did not have the authority that the MPD “District Engineers” had in 1867.
The 1867 reorganization of MPD into battalions, with the District Engineer functioning as the incident commander, is a significant factor in the dramatic decline in the annual fire loss from 1867 – 1869.
One hundred and forty eight years after the first Battle of Bull Run, perhaps on the same ground that the Zouvares walked, Fairfax County is handling a structure fire.
In this picture Battalion Chief Mark Kane, wearing a watch cap and glasses. is meeting with company officers after a fire is extinguished.
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Mike worked on a project about Reconstruction after the Civil War
This is last article a series on the establishment of the Metropolitan Fire Department in NYC.
Mike “FossilMedic” Ward












































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