State law established the Metropolitan Fire Department (MFD) on March 30, 1865. The law also abolished the volunteer fire departments operating in Manhattan.
The MFD Board of Directors/Fire Commission and Chief Engineer reported to the Governor of New York.
From the first Metropolitan Fire Department annual report to Governor Ruben Fenton:
This Department was organized on the second day of May, 1865, pursuant to the provisions of section 23, chapter 249, Laws of 1865, passed March 30th, 1865.
On the 3d day of May, 1865, suit was commenced to test the constitutionality of the law creating this Department, and an injunction was granted by the Supreme Court restraining the Commissioners from acting as such.
The Court of Appeals of this State, to whom the case was appealed, after adverse decision in the Supreme Court on the 23d of June, 1865, reversed the decision of the court below, and affirmed the constitutionality of the law.
The Comptroller of the city of New York, on demand of this Department, issued, under date of June 24th, an order to all persons holding possession of real estate in use by the New York Fire Department, to surrender the same into our custody.
The Street Commissioner of the city of New York also surrendered the personal property under his control, in use by the firemen of said city, pursuant to the provisions of section 10 of the law creating this Department; the Board of Estimate therein named met, and on June 23d unanimously estimated the expenses of the Department for the year 1865 at $600,000, and for the year 1866 at $750,000
By the end of 1865 the MFD relieved from duty 3,810 volunteer firefighters, including the Zouvares.
MFD hired 540 volunteer firefighters. Men selected for their “good character.”
MFD also procured 109 horses and made modifications to the former volunteer-operated fire stations to accommodate the animals and steam pumpers.
Found no notation on the assessment of the character or temperament of the horses selected for fire duty.
next week: A rough first year: discipline and arson
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Mike worked on a project about Reconstruction after the Civil War
This is one in a series of articles about the Metropolitan Fire Department established in Manhattan in 1865.
Mike “FossilMedic” Ward

















































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