The use of exchange-of-shifts, where one firefighter will work in place of another firefighter, went through many changes during my career in a large urban county. The original idea was that, if you worked 12 hours for me today, I would work 12 hours for you at a later date.
Firefighters have a well-earned reputation for creative work-around of every regulation. The exchange-of-shift policy underwent revision each time a problem made it to the fire chief’s office.
CASH INSTEAD OF WORKING THE EXCHANGE
A firefighter obtained a lucrative contract for his off-duty business. The contract required him to be at the jobsite on many days he was scheduled to work at the fire station. Instead of working for the firefighters who covered for him, he paid cash. He paid higher than the overtime hourly rate, without making any payroll deductions.
THAT made him very popular, until January. His accountant issued 1099 tax forms for every firefighter that worked an exchange. A couple of guys were in a jam, obligated for making up hundreds of dollars in unpaid federal and state income taxes.
The department prohibited paying for shift exchanges and required a payback within three months. The documentation for a shift exchange had to show both exchanges and get signatures from both supervisors.

ANYONE KNOW WHERE THE PRE-PLAN BOOKS ARE?
A Christmas holiday response to a fire alarm activation in a residential high-rise brought two engines and an aerial where nine of the 12 members were working exchanges, details or overtime. None of the company officers were familiar with one of the first high-rises in the county.
Normally, the ancient fire alarm system is cleared and reset within 15 minutes. When the onscene-time approached one hour, the battalion chief was notified. The regular chief was on leave and the fill-chief never worked in this battalion. The on-duty fire marshal was on another incident. The chief called an off-duty member of the first-due company and was walked through the reset procedure.
Part of the department’s response to the complaint that the occupants had to wait 90 minutes in the cold for the bells to be reset was to establish a “50% rule” – no more than half of the regularly assigned shift could be on a shift exchange.
A COMMAND INTERPRETATION OF THE REGULATION
It was the last year I was taking graduate classes. I had run out of folks who would work an exchange for me on Tuesday/Thursday nights. One “brother” would work five hours for me in turn for me working 12 hours for him.
My chief said he would approve one-way shift exchanges. The conditions were: (a) no 1099s, (b) only use officers with experience working in the battalion and (c) no jerks. I found two that met the chief’s requirements and were happy to get cash for five hours of work.
They also got a few good calls. From September to May the guys working for me handled five structure fires and a couple of accidents-with-entrapments. Two events remain vivid memories.
Getting passed by the engine minutes after leaving the fire station … and seeing smoke from a house on fire. Returning from the university, passing a greater alarm apartment fire and getting to the station in time to help set up a medevac landing zone behind the station with a reserve rig.

Photo from Mutual Box Media
Mike “FossilMedic” Ward
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